White Papers

It is critical that pipelines are built to perform as intended and without failure for the Energy sector. When a pipeline fails, it is often something that could have been prevented through proper inspection and testing.

Almost every man-made structure involves the use of metals; often, non noble metals that are susceptible to corrosion. The estimated worldwide costs for corrosion derived damages are about 2.5 trillion dollars. Proper corrosion protection could save 15–55% of the cost of these damages.

It is well known that the conventional stainless steels such as Type 316L, Type 317L, Type 321(H) and Type 347(H) have risk of PTA-SCC (PolyThionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking) and SRC (Stress Relaxation Cracking) occurrence in Hydrotreating units, Hydrocracking units and Delayed Coker units of petroleum refineries

Essentially a hybrid of tank plating and selective plating, the process combines the best of both, offering a sustainable way to plate axi-symmetric parts such as deep bores or recessed areas.

When faced with metal wastage, asset owners and operators have viable options available to them in addressing the corrosion mechanisms with a CRA barrier.

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a form of environmentally induced cracking and is a threat to pipeline materials exposed to corrosive conditions.

When one thinks about potential hazards in an industrial setting such as a refinery, petrochemical plant, or liquified natural gas (LNG) terminal, elevated noise levels might not be a primary concern.

The use of multi-sensors for underground corrosion control is a cost-effective method for providing several different types of data that more fully characterize conditions at the structure.

Isolation plays a vital piece in the fight against corrosion. However, isolation in a cathodic protection system is not always used, isolation kits may malfunction, and/or an isolating kit may be found to not be isolating and might be replaced by a non-isolating gasket.

Companies across many industries use internal coating corrosion inhibitors today. These inhibitors are especially effective at protecting steel pipelines and vessels - they create protective films on the insides of these structures to prevent corrosive substances (e.g., oxygen in water, bacteria, and hazardous gases) from coming into contact with pipe surfaces.

Telluric activity induces time-varying electric currents that affect virtually every buried metallic pipeline on Earth to some degree.

The carbon steel pipes of the Cunduacán I Compression Station operate in a very corrosive environment. The challenge faced by conventional protective coatings is the continuously wet surface of the pipe.

Gaskets have been used for many years to disrupt the electrochemical pathway between anodes and cathodes in bolted joints. However, the gasket must maintain its primary objective which is providing a leak tight seal, while being electrically insulating.

This paper is intended to educate the reader on some common issues that influence interrupted surveys, existing solutions to these issues, and a description of how the PCRX provides value in its groundbreaking approach to solving a key issue with interrupted surveys. For the purposes of this paper, underground pipelines will be the targeted protected structure.

The passage of time inevitably takes its toll on the integrity of assets. Corrosion, in all its forms, is one of the most significant time-dependent pipeline degradation mechanisms, compromising the integrity of our pipelines and potentially reducing their remaining service life. The challenge for us, as pipeline engineers, is clear: to safely manage our pipeline infrastructure into the future.